ABSTRACT
Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
Site contamination generally results from leakage, spillage, or disposal of industrial wastes, and can arise from the past uncontrolled disposal of chemical wastes or any recent negligence. Contaminated sites are a threat to human beings by the following means of contamination:
1. Contact with contaminated soil 2. Inhalation of evaporated toxic gases 3. Drinking of contaminated groundwater 4. Consumption/intake of a secondary contaminant, for example, by eating contaminated
crops or livestocks fed in the contaminated area
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)1-3 and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)4 protect the public from the risks created by past and recent chemical disposal practices. Cleanup of contaminated sites is needed in order to protect human and natural resources, as de ned by the Clean Air Act,5 the Clean Water Act,6 the Safe Drinking Water Act,7 and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).8,9
This chapter presents a regulatory overview of on-site remediation, remedial investigations (RI), feasibility studies (FS), remedial technologies, and a simulated case study. The discussion of remedial investigations and feasibility studies also includes the development and selection of remedial technologies. The case study outlines a remedial investigation and feasibility study, as well as the selection of remedial technologies.
