ABSTRACT
Two-Stage Precipitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1.9.2 Pollution Abatement in a Copper Wire Mill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1.9.3 Gas-Phase Heat Treatment of Metals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.9.4 New Technology: Galvanizing of Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.9.5 Waste Reduction in Electroplating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 1.9.6 Waste Reduction in Steelwork Painting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 1.9.7 Recovery of Copper from Printed Circuit Board Etchant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
32 1.9.9 Minimization of Organic Solvents in Degreasing and Painting of Metals . . . . . . . 33
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
For many years a large part of industrial pollution control has been carried out essentially on an end-of-pipe basis, and a wide range of unit processes (physical, chemical, and biological) have been developed to service the needs of the industry. Such end-of-pipe systems range from low intensity to high intensity arrangements, from low technology to high technology, and from low cost to high cost. Most end-of-pipe systems are destructive processes in that they provide no return to the operating company in terms of increased product yield or lower operating cost, except in those circumstances where reduced charges would then apply for discharge to a municipal sewer.
