ABSTRACT
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The nonferrous metals industry encompasses establishments that engage in the following: primary and secondary smelting and re ning of nonferrous metal from ore or scrap; rolling, drawing, and alloying; and the manufacturing and casting of basic metal products such as nails, spikes, wire, and cable. Primary smelting and re ning produces metals directly from ores, and secondary re ning and smelting produces metals from scrap and process waste. Scrap is bits and pieces of metal parts, bars, turnings, sheets, and wire that are off-speci cation or worn out but capable of being recycled.1 The industry does not include the mining and bene ciation of metal ores; rolling, drawing, or extruding metals; or scrap metal collection and preliminary grading.2
