ABSTRACT
At the nanoscale, time-dependent behavior gains importance and standard properties of the bulk crystal are less crucial. Some of the dynamical behavior is random: uctuations may control rate processes and thermal ratchets become possible. Dynamics is important in the transfers of energy, signals, and charge. Such transfer processes are especially e ciently controlled in biological systems. Other dynamical processes are crucial for control at the nanoscale, such as to avoid local failures in gate dielectrics, to manipulate structures using electronic excitation, or to manipulate spins as part of quantum information processing. Our aim here is to scope the wide-ranging time-dependent nanoscale phenomena.
