ABSTRACT
In 1965, Gordon Moore predicted that the number of transistors that could be placed on a silicon chip would double every 18 months. ›is prediction became the oµcial roadmap of the semiconductor industry and it still is the yardstick by which the progress of microelectronic devices and circuits is measured (Moore 1965). ›e MOS transistor, also called MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor œeld-e˜ect transistor) is the workhorse of the semiconductor industry and is at the heart of every digital circuit. Without the MOSFET, there would be no computer industry, no digital telecommunication systems, no video games, no pocket calculators, and no digital wristwatches.
