ABSTRACT
Many birds, insects (particularly butter°ies and beetles), œshes, and lesser-known marine animals display iridescent (changing color with angle) and/or “metallic” colored e˜ects resulting from
31.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 31-1 31.2 Engineering of Antire°ectors .............................................................................................. 31-1 31.3 Engineering of Iridescent Devices ...................................................................................... 31-1 31.4 Cell Culture ............................................................................................................................ 31-3 31.5 Diatoms and Coccolithophores ........................................................................................... 31-5 31.6 Iridoviruses ............................................................................................................................. 31-7 31.7 ›e Mechanisms of Natural Engineering and Future Research .................................... 31-7 Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................31-8 References ...........................................................................................................................................31-8
photonic nanostructures. ›ese appear comparatively brighter than the e˜ects of pigments and o§en function in animals to attract the attention of a potential mate or to startle a predator. An obvious application for such visually attractive and optically sophisticated devices is within the anticounterfeiting industry. For secrecy reasons, work in this area cannot be described, although devices are sought at di˜erent levels of sophistication, from e˜ects that are discernable by the eye to œne-scale optical characteristics (polarization and angular properties, for example) that can be read only by specialized detectors. However, new research aims to exploit these devices in the cosmetics, paint, printing/ink, and clothing industries. ›ey are even being tested in art to provide a sophisticated color-change e˜ect.
