ABSTRACT
An integral part of the universe, electromagnetic waves, characterized by their frequency and wavelength, radiate from all bodies above absolute zero temperature. Microwaves (MWs) are high-frequency electromagnetic waves generated by magnetrons and klystrons and are composed of an electric and a magnetic eld. The frequency range for MWs is from 0.3 to 300 GHz, equivalent to wavelengths of 1 mm to 1 m. The science of MW owes its origin to the development of radar, which gained
momentum during World War II. Some of the important applications of MWs include communication, navigation and radar, heating, and physical diathermy. The most commonly used frequencies for industrial, scienti c, and medical band applications are 0.433, 0.915, and 2.45 GHz. The ability of MWs to penetrate and dissipate power as heat in dielectric materials, such as food products, has brought MW technology to the common household.
