ABSTRACT
For identity preservation and traceability (IPT) to gain acceptance, from producer to consumer, costs of IPT are critical to consider within the creation of standards, rules, and regulations. Costs come in many forms and impact societies differently, as several of the follow-on sections will highlight. The key to Chapter 9 is in the sampling of various private organizations that, in conjunction with government agencies and industries mentioned in previous chapters, participate in the development of public/private standards, rules, and regulations. It is not unusual for external organizations like these to contribute-be it to oppose, agree, or promote-alternative ideas that may include social welfare, animal welfare, ecological issues, regional emphasis, and so forth. To illustrate the notion of cost versus bene ts and hidden costs of IPT, studies by Kalaitzandonakes, Maltsbarger, and Barnes (2001) and Maltsbarger and Kalaitzandonakes (2000) lead off this chapter.
