ABSTRACT
Objectives ◾ Introduce mixture concepts, molality, molarity a, mixture property ◾ Define partial molal property and pure property and present physical meaning ◾ Present relations for binary mixture ◾ Define mixtures of ideal gases, ideal mixture of real gases and solutions, nonideal mixtures
of real gases and solutions and relations for thermodynamic properties ◾ Discuss Lewis Randall rule and Henry’s Law ◾ Relate Gibbs function, fugacity, excess properties, and osmotic pressure and mixtures ◾ Molal properties of real gases using mixing rules
8.1 Introduction In Chapter 7, we discussed how the thermodynamic properties of pure components of a substance could be determined and used in the four important conservation and balance equations for design of thermal systems (mass, energy, entropy, and availability). Œermal systems, however, generally involve mixtures of several substances, possibly in multiple phases. In this chapter, we will discuss the state equations, generalized thermodynamic relations, thermophysical-chemical properties of mixtures, and for species k in a mixture.
