ABSTRACT

References 1060

and 2). Abortion and birth defects have some common etiologies, but in many instances the causes of these two areas of reproductive failure are divergent. In this review, we evaluate the data concerning developmental toxicants that increase the risk of abortion and congenital malformation in the human. The evaluations were made after a review of the available clinical, epidemiological, and experimental data, and the analysis is based on reproducibility, consis­ tency, and biological plausibility.70 Only key references or reviews are cited which will guide the reader to additional relevant literature.