ABSTRACT
Contents 1.1 Progression of Mobile Communication Provision ..................................4 1.2 UMTS .............................................................................................6
1.2.1 Use of CDMA in UMTS .........................................................9 1.2.1.1 Principles of CDMA .................................................9 1.2.1.2 CDMA in UMTS ................................................... 10 1.2.1.3 Power Control ....................................................... 14 1.2.1.4 Soft Handover and Soft Capacity .............................. 15
1.2.2 Deployment Techniques in UMTS ......................................... 17 1.2.2.1 Transmit Diversity .................................................. 17 1.2.2.2 Receiver Techniques ............................................... 18
1.2.3 Network Planning Considerations for UMTS .......................... 19 1.3 HSPA ............................................................................................. 20
1.3.1 Principles of HSPA ............................................................... 20 1.3.1.1 Dynamic Multiuser Scheduling ................................ 21 1.3.1.2 Link Adaptation ..................................................... 22 1.3.1.3 Hybrid ARQ .......................................................... 22 1.3.1.4 Short Subframe Length ........................................... 23
1.3.2 MBMS for HSPA ................................................................. 24 1.3.3 HSPA Evolution ................................................................... 25
1.4 TD-SCDMA .................................................................................. 26 1.4.1 Historical Perspective of TD-SCDMA .................................... 26
1.4.1.1 TD-SCDMA Standardization in 3GPP and CCSA ..... 27 1.4.2 Deployment of TD-SCDMA ................................................. 27 1.4.3 Key TD-SCDMA-Specific Technologies ................................. 27
1.4.3.1 Time Synchronization ............................................. 28 1.4.3.2 Smart Antennas ...................................................... 28 1.4.3.3 Joint Detection ...................................................... 29 1.4.3.4 Baton Handover ..................................................... 30 1.4.3.5 Multi-carrier TD-SCDMA and TD-SCDMA
HSDPA ................................................................. 30 1.5 LTE and Beyond ............................................................................. 31
1.5.1 Context of LTE .................................................................... 31 1.5.2 Principles of LTE ................................................................. 31
1.5.2.1 Multi-Carrier Multiple Access .................................. 32 1.5.2.2 Multi-Antenna Technology ..................................... 34 1.5.2.3 Packet-Switched Radio Interface ............................... 36 1.5.2.4 Flat Network Architecture ....................................... 37 1.5.2.5 Evolved MBMS ...................................................... 37
1.5.3 Network Planning Considerations for LTE .............................. 38 1.5.3.1 Interference Management ........................................ 38 1.5.3.2 Other Aspects of Network Planning .......................... 39 1.5.3.3 Network Self-Optimization ..................................... 39
1.5.4 Future Development of LTE .................................................. 40 1.6 Network Planning and Optimization ................................................. 41 References ................................................................................................ 42
1.1 Progression of Mobile Communication Provision A key aim of modern cellular communication networks is to provide high-capacity coverage over a wide area. The cellular concept was first deployed in the U.S. in 1947. By breaking the coverage area down into many small cells, the total system capacity could be substantially increased, enabling more users to be served simultaneously.
