ABSTRACT
In this chapter, the production, productivity, future expected availability, and economics of new alternative oil sources for the aquaculture industry are examined. Emphasis is placed on new oil sources rich in n-3 long-chain (≥ C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), which are vital to fish health and also to the nutritional value of the product to consumers. Possible future sources of n-3 LC-PUFA for use in aquaculture include single-cell oils and/or biomass, novel transgenic oilseeds, and other underutilized marine sources including krill and zooplankton. The physical,
Abstract .................................................................................................................. 325 10.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 326 10.2 Single-Cell Oils ............................................................................................ 327
10.2.1 Thraustochytrids ............................................................................... 328 10.2.2 Photosynthetic Microalgae ............................................................... 329 10.2.3 Other Single-Cell Oils ...................................................................... 330 10.2.4 Single-Cell Oils in Aquaculture ....................................................... 330
10.3 Oils from Novel Land Plants ........................................................................ 331 10.4 Other Marine Sources ................................................................................... 334 10.5 Physical, Chemical, and Nutritional Characteristics .................................... 336
10.5.1 Fatty Acid Profiles ............................................................................ 336 10.5.2 Carotenoids ....................................................................................... 339 10.5.3 Other Minor Components ................................................................. 339
10.6 Production Status: Past, Current, and Future Expected Availability ...........340 10.7 Concluding Remarks .................................................................................... 342 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................. 343 References .............................................................................................................. 343
chemical, and nutritional characteristics of new alternative oil sources within these categories are described, and their production status (including past, current, and future expected availability) is examined. Focus is given to the potential advantages and challenges of using these alternative n-3 LC-PUFA oil sources in aquaculture.
