Security Cooperation and Conflict in Southeast Asia after 9/11: Constructivism, the ASEAN Way, and the War on Terrorism*

Introduction To deepen and intensify regional security cooperation and improve the management of inter-state conflicts in Southeast Asia, members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) met in Bali, Indonesia, on October 7-8, 2003, for the 9th ASEAN Summit. In this summit, ASEAN leaders signed the ASEAN Concord II, which adopts the concept of security community to bring security cooperation in Southeast Asia to a “higher plane.”1