ABSTRACT
Cereals are one-seeded fruits of the grass family (Gramineae) that contain nutrients which are stored and later on utilized and modified during germination and early development of the seedling and plant. The storage of nutrients in the seed is properly organized and protected by physical and chemical barriers against external biotic agents. This package of nutrients is critically essential for germination, which leads to plant development and reproduction. Reproduction is the most critical phase of the plant’s life cycle because it is responsible for the evolutionary continuum of the species. One single kernel can lead to the formation of hundreds and even thousands of kernels whose main function throughout generations is to provide the means for both maintenance of the species and evolution. The exchange of chromosomes during pollination and reproduction has been critical for the formation of new varieties and hybrids adapted to different ecosystems with more yield potential, disease resistance, and functional properties.
