ABSTRACT
During in vitro micropropagation, shoot organogenesis initiates from differentiated • somatic cells. Shoot development depends on correct cell-fate determination from the shoot apical meristem.• Phytohormones play essential roles in controlling shoot organogenesis and development.• In vitro shoot organogenesis and development is a complex, well-coordinated process, • involving certain identied genes and pathways. Other, as yet unidentied, molecular events trigger dedifferentiation and act as develop-• mental switches for shoot development.
