ABSTRACT
Observations or data are the basis of a statistical investigation. These observations https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> x https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429098789/719b1b93-f3d4-48ae-9170-7b872bf41df1/content/eq65.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> are numbers or vectors, categorical quantities or functions. In general they are taken from a large set of individuals or objects under consideration. The possible observation results constitute a certain set, the so-called sample space https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> X https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429098789/719b1b93-f3d4-48ae-9170-7b872bf41df1/content/eq66.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> .
