ABSTRACT
Figure Area Perimeter
Rectangle Length × breadth Sum of sides
Triangle Base × half of perpendicular height Sum of sides
Quadrilateral Sum of areas of contained triangles Sum of sides
Trapezoidal Sum of areas of contained triangles Sum of sides
Trapezium Half of sum of parallel sides × perpendicular height Sum of sides
Parallelogram Base × perpendicular height Sum of sides
Regular polygon Half sum of sides × half internal diameter Sum of sides
Circle pi × radius² pi × diameter or pi × 2 ×
radius
Figure Surface area Volume
Cylinder pi × 2 × radius² × length pi × 2 × radius² (curved surface only) × length
Sphere pi × diameter² Diameter³ × 0.5236
Weights of materials kg/m3 kg/m² kg/m
Aggregate, coarse 1,500 Ashes 800 Ballast 600
Blocks, natural aggregate 75mm 160 100mm 215 140mm 300 Blocks, lighweight aggregate 75mm 60 100mm 80 140mm 112 Bricks, Fletton 1820 Bricks, engineering 2250 Bricks, concrete 1850 Brickwork, 112.5mm 220 Brickwork, 215mm 465 Brickwork, 327.5mm 710 Cement 1,440 Chalk 2,240 Flint 2,550 Gravel 1,750 Hardcore 1,900 Hoggin 1,750 Lime, ground 750 Stone, natural 2,400 Stone, Portland 2,200 Stone, reconstructed 2,250 Stone, York 2,400
EXCAVATION AND FILLING
Shrinkage of deposited material
Clay -10% Gravel -7.50% Sandy soil -12.50%
Clay 40% Gravel 25% Sand 20%
Typical fuel consumption for plant Engine Litres per size kW hour
Compressors up to 20.00 4.00 30.00 6.50 40.00 8.20 50.00 9.00 75.00 16.00
100.00 20.00 125.00 25.00 150.00 30.00
Concrete mixers up to 5.00 1.00 10.00 2.40 15.00 3.80 20.00 5.00 20.00 5.00
Dumpers 5.00 1.30 7.00 2.00
10.00 3.00 15.00 4.00 20.00 4.90 30.00 7.00 50.00 12.00
Excavators 10.00 2.50 20.00 4.50 40.00 9.00 60.00 13.00 80.00 17.00
size kW hour
Pumps 5.00 1.10 10.00 2.10 15.00 3.20 20.00 4.20 25.00 5.50
CONCRETE WORK
Concrete mixes Cement Sand Aggregate Water t m3 m3 litres
1:1:2 0.50 0.45 0.70 208.00
1:1:5:3 0.37 0.50 0.80 185.00
1:2:4 0.30 0.54 0.85 175.00
1:3:6 0.22 0.55 0.85 160.00
BRICKWORK AND BLOCKWORK
Bricks per m2 (brick size nr 215 × 103.5 × 65mm)
Half brick wall stretcher bond 59 English bond 89 English garden wall bond 74 Flemish bond 79
One brick wall English bond 118 Flemish bond 118
One and a half brick wall English bond 178 Flemish bond 178
Two brick wall English bond 238 Flemish bond 238
Metric modular bricks
200 × 100 × 75mm 90mm thick 133 190mm thick 200
200 × 100 × 100mm 90mm thick 50 190mm thick 100 290mm thick 150
300 × 100 × 75mm 90mm thick 44
300 × 100 × 100mm 90mm thick 50
Blocks per m2 (block size 414 × 215mm)
60mm thick 9.9 75mm thick 9.9 100mm thick 9.9 140mm thick 9.9 190mm thick 9.9 215mm thick 9.9
m3 m3 m3
Brick size 215 × 103.5 × 65mm
Half brick wall 0.017 0.024 0.031 One brick wall 0.045 0.059 0.073
One and a half brick wall 0.072 0.093 0.114 Two brick wall 0.101 0.128 0.155
Brick size 200 × 100 × 75mm Solid Perforated m3 m3
90mm thick 0.016 0.019 190mm thick 0.042 0.048 290mm thick 0.068 0.078
Brick size 200 × 100 × 100mm
90mm thick 0.013 0.016 190mm thick 0.036 0.041 290mm thick 0.059 0.067
Brick size 200 × 100 × 100mm
90mm thick 0.015 0.018
Block size 440 × 215mm
60mm thick 0.004 75mm thick 0.005 100mm thick 0.006 140mm thick 0.007 190mm thick 0.008 215mm thick 0.009
Mortar per m2 of random m3 rubble walling
300mm thick wall 0.120 450mm thick wall 0.160 550mm thick wall 0.120
EXTERNAL WORKS
Blocks/slabs per m2 nr/m2
200 × 100mm 50.00 450 × 450mm 4.93 600 × 450mm 3.70 600 × 600mm 2.79 600 × 750mm 2.22 600 × 900mm 1.85
Drainage trench widths Under Over 1.5m deep 1.5m deep
mm mm
Pipe diameter 100mm 450 600 Pipe diameter 150mm 500 650 Pipe diameter 225mm 600 750 Pipe diameter 300mm 650 800
Volumes of filling for pipe 50mm 100mm 150mm beds (m3 per m) thick thick thick
Pipe diameter 100mm 0.023 0.045 0.068 Pipe diameter 150mm 0.026 0.053 0.079 Pipe diameter 225mm 0.030 0.060 0.090 Pipe diameter 300mm 0.038 0.075 0.113
bed and haunching (m3 per m) m3
Pipe diameter 100mm 0.117 Pipe diameter 150mm 0.152 Pipe diameter 225mm 0.195 Pipe diameter 300mm 0.279
Volumes of filling for pipe bed and surround (m3 per m) m3
Pipe diameter 100mm 0.185 Pipe diameter 150mm 0.231 Pipe diameter 225mm 0.285 Pipe diameter 300mm 0.391
