ABSTRACT
Definition of the form of the surface settlement trough is necessary if the criticality of superadjacent buildings and buried services is to be estimated. The truncated form of this supplementary information is taken from the paper by Attewell (1988) which, together with the book
Figure SI 16.1 indicates in diagrammatic form how a surface settlement trough develops above, to the sides of and in front of an advancing tunnel face. Assume that both the short-term and long-term transverse surface settlement troughs are of inverse bell-shape configuration and can
Figure SI 16.1 Development of settlement trough caused by tunnelling in soil by Attewell et al (1986), should be read for further information. The field measurements from which the following empirical equations are derived come, in the main, from open, hand-driven shield tunnels.
