ABSTRACT
Since grit as means of ice control on roads has been replaced by deicing salts and snow and ice are removed totally from our roads during winter, concrete structures not only are damaged by frost but also frost deicing salt attack. Severe damage with very high repair costs is the consequence. It is well known that in laboratory tests (Boraas, CDF-Test, etc.) scaling is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher when as frost medium a 3% salt solution instead of water is applied. Different authors report that damage is maximal at a pessimum salt concentration of about 3 mass-%. Meanwhile great progress was made in avoiding damage in situ by use of adequate mix designs (e.g. air pore entrainment) but this is more the consequence of experience than that of knowledge of deterioration mechanisms.
