ABSTRACT
Components with tubular geometry are widely used in structural applica tions. Circular cylinders are perhaps the most used shape in heat exchanger, radiant tube, power generator, and other thermal applications. Tubular com ponents are also used in applications such as space-radiator tubes, vacuum furnace containment cylinders, rocket exhausts, and seal faces in automotive water pumps (rings). The circular cylinder constitutes the basic element in boilers, steam or gas turbines, and gas compressors to mention a few. The tubular geometry, thus, is an essential element in a wide variety of industrial and structural applications.
