ABSTRACT
The development and clinical application of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) , as currently practiced in the United States, were performed by Rhoads et al. at the University of Pennsylvania (1-3). In order to achieve the goals of maintaining and improving nutritional status, parenteral nutrition solutions must be formulated to satisfy not only daily maintenance requirements, but also additional demands of nutritional repletion, normal growth and development, and disease and stress states including malignancy, severe bum injury, trauma, and other critical illnesses.
