Of the 5000+ species of anurans currently recognized, only a few species are known or suspected to practice internal fertilization. These species include Ascaphus truei and A. montanus in the Ascaphidae from the northwestern contiguous United States and SW British Columbia; four genera of Bufonidae from Africa (Wake 1980; Grandison and Ashe, 1983), and Eleutherodactylus jasperi (Wake, 1978) and E. coqui (Townsend et al. 1981) within the Leptodactylidae from Puerto Rica (Table 7.1). All of these bufonids and leptodactylids probably accomplish internal fertilization by cloacal apposition.