ABSTRACT
There are several potential disposal routes for the sand but each has its own associated problems. If some remains in the oil product, it may result in the Base Scdimcnt and Water (BS& W) specification being exceeded and cause problems at the onshore processing terminaL If sand leaves with the produced water. erosion of the produced water systcm is a concern and there may be environmental implications if thc sand is discharged overboard untreated. If re-injected with produced water, it can plug
the formation. If deposited sand has to be removed from topsides equipment manually, it creates a safety hazard due to the presence of entrained oil and of radioactive solids known as low specific activity (LSA) scale.
