ABSTRACT
RESEARCH into the loads on buried pipelines was begun in Iowa, USA, in 1908, and various reports on the 'Marston Theory' were published from 1913 onwards [55]. This work was summarized by Clarke and Young in a paper to the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1959 [46] and enlarged upon in later papers [47, 48]. The whole subject of structural design has been summarized and presented in concise form in a book by Clarke entitled Buried Pipelines: A Manual of Structural Design and Installation [67].
