ABSTRACT
RISING mains must be designed to withstand the total manometric head on the pumps (static head plus friction losses), as this is the head which will apply in the vicinity of the pumping station. An additional allowance should be made for the effects of surge in cases of high pumping velocity, or in very long rising mains. Should the pipeline cross a valley at a lower level than the pumping station itself, the static head at the crossing may be greater, and this should be borne in mind when assessing the total head on the pipeline.
