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Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Within the NTP Carcinogenesis Testing Program, a cancer bioassay is a two-sex, two-species, lifetime study of experimental animals, usually rats and mice; beginning at weaning, ending 104 weeks after initiation, and using multiple dose levels of the chemical being tested. This bioassay used to determine if a chemical causes cancer, and if it produces damaging effects on certain organ systems: liver, lung, kidney, endocrine systems, etc. The study of a single compound expensive, costing about five hundred thousand dollars, and takes up to five years to complete. The National Toxicology Program publishes a technical report upon completion of a bioassay and review of the results by an indepen-dent Board of Scientific Counselors. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Program The National Toxicology Program has a program to assess the effects of chemicals on reproductive function and development. Structural teratology testing (the testing of chemicals to determine if they produce malformations) was begun in FY79. Eight to ten chemicals are tested for teratogenic effects annually. Fetuses are examined at two different levels: gross, readily apparent malformations are noted; and 2) histopathological examinations are conducted to pinpoint less readily apparent, microscopic malformations. Selected priority chemicals are also screened to determine potential reproductive hazard through germ-cell mutations. C. Genetic Toxicology Program The Genetic Toxicology Program tests chemicals for mutagenici-ty, validates existing test systems and develops new short-term test methods. The mutagenicity testing program divided into three phases. Phase I involves Salmonella mutagenicity assays and mammalian cell cultures. Phase II includes Drosophila systems. Phase III utilizes in vivo mammalian assays. All chemicals selected for general toxicology and lifetime bioassays are tested first using the Salmonella mutagenesis
DOI link for Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Within the NTP Carcinogenesis Testing Program, a cancer bioassay is a two-sex, two-species, lifetime study of experimental animals, usually rats and mice; beginning at weaning, ending 104 weeks after initiation, and using multiple dose levels of the chemical being tested. This bioassay used to determine if a chemical causes cancer, and if it produces damaging effects on certain organ systems: liver, lung, kidney, endocrine systems, etc. The study of a single compound expensive, costing about five hundred thousand dollars, and takes up to five years to complete. The National Toxicology Program publishes a technical report upon completion of a bioassay and review of the results by an indepen-dent Board of Scientific Counselors. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Program The National Toxicology Program has a program to assess the effects of chemicals on reproductive function and development. Structural teratology testing (the testing of chemicals to determine if they produce malformations) was begun in FY79. Eight to ten chemicals are tested for teratogenic effects annually. Fetuses are examined at two different levels: gross, readily apparent malformations are noted; and 2) histopathological examinations are conducted to pinpoint less readily apparent, microscopic malformations. Selected priority chemicals are also screened to determine potential reproductive hazard through germ-cell mutations. C. Genetic Toxicology Program The Genetic Toxicology Program tests chemicals for mutagenici-ty, validates existing test systems and develops new short-term test methods. The mutagenicity testing program divided into three phases. Phase I involves Salmonella mutagenicity assays and mammalian cell cultures. Phase II includes Drosophila systems. Phase III utilizes in vivo mammalian assays. All chemicals selected for general toxicology and lifetime bioassays are tested first using the Salmonella mutagenesis
Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Within the NTP Carcinogenesis Testing Program, a cancer bioassay is a two-sex, two-species, lifetime study of experimental animals, usually rats and mice; beginning at weaning, ending 104 weeks after initiation, and using multiple dose levels of the chemical being tested. This bioassay used to determine if a chemical causes cancer, and if it produces damaging effects on certain organ systems: liver, lung, kidney, endocrine systems, etc. The study of a single compound expensive, costing about five hundred thousand dollars, and takes up to five years to complete. The National Toxicology Program publishes a technical report upon completion of a bioassay and review of the results by an indepen-dent Board of Scientific Counselors. Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Program The National Toxicology Program has a program to assess the effects of chemicals on reproductive function and development. Structural teratology testing (the testing of chemicals to determine if they produce malformations) was begun in FY79. Eight to ten chemicals are tested for teratogenic effects annually. Fetuses are examined at two different levels: gross, readily apparent malformations are noted; and 2) histopathological examinations are conducted to pinpoint less readily apparent, microscopic malformations. Selected priority chemicals are also screened to determine potential reproductive hazard through germ-cell mutations. C. Genetic Toxicology Program The Genetic Toxicology Program tests chemicals for mutagenici-ty, validates existing test systems and develops new short-term test methods. The mutagenicity testing program divided into three phases. Phase I involves Salmonella mutagenicity assays and mammalian cell cultures. Phase II includes Drosophila systems. Phase III utilizes in vivo mammalian assays. All chemicals selected for general toxicology and lifetime bioassays are tested first using the Salmonella mutagenesis
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ABSTRACT