ABSTRACT
Contrast angiography provides structural and anatomic information to the surgeon. Its use is reserved for planning of an intervention, be it catheter-based or open. Hemodynamic information may also be obtained through the use of pressure gradient measurements. Stenoses are thought significant if the resting gradient is at least 10 mmHg or a 15% drop occurs in response to reactive hyperemia or pharma cological vasodilatation. Newer modalities, such as magnetic resonance arteriogra phy and CT-angiography are also becoming increasingly utilized as their technology improves.
