ABSTRACT
Introduction Bladder cancer is the most common tumor of the urothelium. Most of these
tumors are transitional cell carcinomas and are generally categorized as either low-grade and superficial or high-grade and invasive. Therapy for bladder cancer is evolving, but the most common modalities for treatment currently include-endo scopic tumor resection, intravesical chemotherapy, immunotherapy, cystectomy, and systemic chemotherapy.
