ABSTRACT
William Beaumont (1785-1853), American-trained physician and frontier mili tary surgeon, learned medicine through an apprenticeship under Dr. Benjamin Chandler who believed in the European monistic theories that relied on a single cause for all diseases.1 John Brown, Benjamin Rush, and William Cullen were Chandler’s favorite intellectual mentors. The young Beaumont followed his master’s lead, accepting the same medical mentors.
