ABSTRACT
Natural weed control in the Holarctic region and in the tropics using phytophagous insects Phytophagous insects and phytoparasitic fungi have been used all over the world to fight against imported weeds which have become pests in their adopted country. Classical entomological handbooks have been written on biological weed control and are referred to in the References section in this book. Actually, American (USDA) and Australian (CSIRO) teams are based in Brazil, France, Italy, etc., not to mention the British (CAB) and French (IRAT) units all over the world. These teams collect specific enemies of imported weeds. Generally, these plant parasites are leaf feeders, but the flowers, fruits, or roots of such weeds also need to be eradicated or at least controlled. Recently, a paper by White (1996) summarized the topic for North America, at least for leaf beetle species.
