ABSTRACT
This chapter provides that the themed presentation encourages quick, focused study and detailed answers aid comprehension and encourages familiarity with neurodegeneration with essential diagrams, colour images and sample MRIs. The motor cortex and the supplementary motor area predominantly project excitatory glutamatergic fibres to the spinal cord (lateral corticospinal tract), striatum and thalamus. The striatum consists of the caudate nucleus and the putamen, separated anatomically by the internal capsule. It comprises chiefly medium spiny neurones which are inherently inhibitory. D1 receptors are excited by dopamine and result in activation of the direct pathway and hence lead to an increase in movement, whereas D2 receptors are inhibited by dopamine and result in activation of the indirect pathway.
