ABSTRACT
In the concluding remarks section of Chapter 3, one of the intended outcomes of the data presented was providing “evidence in support of the hypothesis that ubiquitous biomarkers for three dimensionality exist and can be found.” In this chapter, the question of biomarkers is further explored in more detail; it is highly relevant to the establishment of design principles as suggested in the concluding remarks section of Chapter 7. The dilemma with writing this chapter was that the overall “story” of this book is incomplete without a major piece on biomarkers, yet there is hardly any published work on the topic that can provide the foundation for a full chapter. What does one do? While pondering on this question, the author was reminded of a couple of well-written papers on biomarkers for diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, for which the challenge was similar-despite the vast number of studies, the diagnosis (and for that matter treatment) is unsatisfactory. The authors of such papers tend to focus on the need for biomarkers for diagnosis and the best tools and/or methodology to nd them. An excellent example of one of these papers is a review of Parkinson’s disease research in the context of neuroproteomics as a promising tool by Pienaar and Daniels (2008). This paper and others like it provided the inspiration for the approach used in writing this chapter. As the chapter title suggests, and to the best of the author’s knowledge, proteomics tools offer great promise in the search for three-dimensionality biomarkers. Although Chapter 3 identi ed speci c promising areas to search, the treatment here is kept general for the bene t of those who might have different ideas of where to search.
