ABSTRACT
In the post 9/11 era, the United States has pumped billions and billions of dollars into a general ¤eld we will refer to as homeland security. Prior to that fateful date in history, we, as a country, were generally reactive responders in many areas relating to emergency response. Since then, there has been a signi¤cant shift in our response ideology. is new philosophy has us moving away from reactivity and speeding toward proactivity. e events and aftermath of 9/11 shed light on many issues that were evident and rampant throughout our emergency service communities. Civic leaders on all levels realized that a change in the response ideology was needed to better protect our citizens. While the attempt to accomplish this reversal of policy has been commendable, we have “missed the boat” in many areas.
