Displacement chromatography is a technique that has long been recognized for its advantages in the production of high concentrations of pure materials and has therefore demonstrated its utility as a preparative method. On the other hand, the thermodynamic qualities of the method also make it highly useful for analytical purposes because of its unique ability to enrich low-concentration components in complex mixtures. Special emphasis will therefore be directed toward the enrichment of trace components and on studies in which displacement chromatography has been used in the separation/recovery and characterization of biomolecules with attention to the optimization of operating parameters that drive increased productivity and yield. With the advent and growth of the biotechnology industry and the steadily increasing demand for its products, methods for more efcient capture, purication, and characterization of therapeutic molecules are essential.