ABSTRACT
Handbook Introduction iii Preface vii Contributors xiii
Part I The Multidimensionality of Detergent-Related Environmental Impact and Its Assessment
1. Sustainable Relationships: Raw Materials-Surfactant/Detergent Production/Formulation-Usage/Consumption-Environment: A Systemic Challenge for the New Millennium 1 Uri Zoller
2. Detergents and the Environment: Historical Review 11 Marcel Friedman
3. Distribution, Behavior, Fate, and Effects of Surfactants and Their Degradation Products in the Environment 77 Guang-Guo Ying
4. Relevance of Biodegradation Assessments of Detergents/Surfactants 111 M. Rodriguez and D. Prats
5. Toxicology and Ecotoxicology of Detergent Chemicals 129 Yutaka Takagi, Shinya Ebata, and Toshiharu Takei
6. Generation and Use of Data to Predict Environmental Concentrations for Use in Detergent Risk Assessments 147 M. S. Holt and K. K. Fox
7. Life Cycle Assessment: A Novel Approach to the Environmental Profile of Detergent Consumer Products 195 Erwan Saouter, Gert van Hoof, and Peter White
8. Biodegradability and Toxicity of Surfactants 211 Torben Madsen
9. The Biodegradability of Detergent Ingredients in an Environmental Context: A Practical Approach 249 John Solbe´
10. Environmental Risk Assessment of Surfactants: Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships for Aquatic Toxicity 271 David W. Roberts
11. Environmental Impacts of Detergent Packaging: The Case of Plastic Bottles 299 Susan E. Selke
12. European Environmental Safety Legislation on Detergents 317 Jose´ Luis Berna
13. The Application of Environmental Risk Assessment to Detergent Ingredients in Consumer Products 347 Christina Cowan-Ellsberry, Scott Belanger, Donald Versteeg, Geert Boeije, and Tom Feijtel
Part II Environmental Behavior, Effects, and Impact of Detergent Components
14. Surfactants in the Environment: Fate and Effects of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS) and Alcohol-Based Surfactants 373 Luciano Cavalli
15. The Environmental Safety of Alkylphenol Ethoxylates Demonstrated by Risk Assessment and Guidelines for Their Safe Use 429 Carter G. Naylor
16. Estrogenic Effects of the Alkylphenol Ethoxylates and Their Biodegradation Products 447 Karen L. Thorpe and Charles R. Tyler
17. The Survival and Distribution of Alkylphenol Ethoxylate Surfactants in Surface Water and Groundwater: The Case of Israel-Is There an Environmental Problem? 467 Uri Zoller
18. Ecology and Toxicology of Alkyl Polyglycosides 487 Andreas Willing, Horst Messinger, and Walter Aulmann
19. Biodegradation of Cationic Surfactants: An Environmental Perspective 523 C. G. van Ginkel
20. Biodegradability of Amphoteric Surfactants 551 Andreas Domsch and Klaus Jenni
21. Environmental Impact of Inorganic Detergent Builders 573 Harald P. Bauer
22. Environmental Impact of Aminocarboxylate Chelating Agents 611 Otto Grundler, Hans-Ulrich Ja¨ger, and Helmut Witteler
23. Environmental Impact of Bleaching Activators 629 Vince Croud
24. Perborates: The Environmentally Problematic Bleaching Agents 645 J. Tarchitzky and Y. Chen
25. Toxicology and Ecotoxicology of Minor Components in Personal Care Products 663 Louis Ho Tan Tai
26. The Environmental Impact of Surfactant Ingredients in Pesticide Formulations-Special Focus on Alcohol Ethoxylates and Alkylamine Ethoxylates 691 Kristine A. Krogh, Bent Halling-Sørensen, Betty B. Mogensen, and Karl V. Vejrup
27. Biodegradation of Surface-Active Detergent Components in Sewage Treatment Plants 719 Zenon Lukaszewski
28. Surfactant Biodegradation: Sugar-Based Surfactants Compared to Other Surfactants 739 I. J. A. Baker, C. J. Drummond, D. N. Furlong, and F. Grieser
29. Biotreatment of Wastewater with a High Concentration of Surfactants 761 Oded Vashitz and Ester Gorelik
30. Science Versus Politics in the Environmental Regulatory Process 785 John E. Heinze
31. The Environmental Impact of Detergents: Which Way Is the Wind Blowing? 803 Uri Zoller
Index 811
