ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the area of medical nanotechnology that includes those materials, devices, and methodologies whose fabrication and/ or action depends in significant ways on nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has contributed to the design of highly versatile surgical glues, connective fibers, webs, and scaffolds for wound healing and surgical interventions in many types of tissue. Reconstructive surgery in particular can involve complex tasks that must be done with the aid of surgical microscopes, such as reconnection of very small nerves and blood vessels. Robot assistance seems to have a role in reconstructive renal procedures such as pyeloplasty and partial nephrectomy, due mainly to the precise suturing ability. Endoscopic surgery combines endoscopy with laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic surgery is generally performed with the aid of a trocar, a sleeve or tube resembling a large needle which holds the incision open and protects the surrounding tissue from damage due to instrument exchanges and motion.
