ABSTRACT
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When modeling chemical distribution and fate in environmental systems, adopting the “well-mixed box” assumption to describe a unit world has proven to be immensely
need be defined in the well-mixed compartment, thus the contained mass is the product of that concentration and the compartment volume. In many environmental applications, compartments describing the atmosphere and water bodies are “open,” that is, air or water is continuously exchanged between the system under consideration and the background outside of the system. When setting up models of this type, it is necessary to specify mass transfer coefficients for advective exchange of air and water to describe the key input and output processes. This chapter illustrates generic methods of doing this in the absence of sitespecific information about wind speed, water current velocity, or related diffusive or dispersive parameters.
