ABSTRACT
Introduction: Enlargement of the European Union 44 New Economic Development44 Trafficking in Human Beings45 Effects on Crime46 Movement of the People46 Ethnic Minorities47 Terrorism47 Corruption48
Definition of Corruption49 Organized Crime50 e United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime51 Facts about the Republic of Austria54
e Austrian Political Structure54 e Austrian Constitution and Policing54 e History of Policing55 Austria’s Old Security Structure56
e Former Federal Police56 e Former Gendarmerie57 Policing before the Reform58 e Security Police Law58 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Old Security Structure59 e New Austrian Security Structure60 e Political Change in Austria60 Goals: Reduction of Costs and Personnel61 Centralization Shall Bring More Efficiency61 New Centralized Organizations61 New Crime Fighting Tools61 Implementation of a New Leadership62
Europe is a continent with a very long and old history. Approximately 40 countries are home to 700 million inhabitants. e largest countries are Germany, France, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and Russia. Twenty-seven countries are now members of the European Union. Since the fall of the “Iron Curtain” in 1989, the biggest migration since 1945 has been taking place. e European Union now has approximately 450 million inhabitants. Over the next few years, the European Community will be taking on between 300,000 and 600,000 immigrants every year, including 250,000 from the former Eastern Bloc. Between 1980 and 1992, approximately 15 million foreigners settled in the European Community; 45% of them came from Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Turkey. A 1993 survey by the United Nations showed that approximately 20 million eastern Europeans had planned to immigrate to the European Community. For many people in the East, the target countries in the European Community are Germany and Austria. According to Russian estimates, 1.5-2 million citizens are ready to emigrate for economic reasons. An additional 5-6 million are “considering” emigration. ese large demographic challenges also have an impact on organized crime [1].
