ABSTRACT
In this chapter we ask: “What can brains do with reward?” Because different brains can do different things with reward, we focus on three kinds of brains: those of vertebrates, mammals, and primates. We do so not only because we are all of those things, but because about 530 million years ago the early vertebrates evolved a brain that we can recognize as reasonably like our own. That brain helps us, as it helped our ancient ancestors, deal with an intricate calculus of costs and bene ts, some of
4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 61 4.2 What Kinds of Brains Deal with Reward? .............................................................................64
