ABSTRACT
We shall operate in real N-dimensional Euclidean space, https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> R N , N ≥ 1 https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429107559/7b799ed6-fc56-4f4a-9a7b-c9af24ce3d38/content/eq40.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> , and use the following notation: https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> x = x 1 , … , x N y = y 1 , … , y N α x + β y = α x 1 + β y 1 , … , α x N + β y N x ⋅ y = x 1 y 1 + … + x N y N , | x | = ( x ⋅ x ) 1 2 . https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429107559/7b799ed6-fc56-4f4a-9a7b-c9af24ce3d38/content/eq41.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/>
