ABSTRACT
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 350 Agents with Potential Application as Bioweapons ........................................................................ 350 Animal Models Commonly Used in Biodefense Research ........................................................... 351
Anthrax ..................................................................................................................................... 352 Botulism .................................................................................................................................... 353 Plague ........................................................................................................................................ 353 Smallpox ................................................................................................................................... 354 Tularemia .................................................................................................................................. 355 Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers ......................................................................................................... 356
Filovirus ............................................................................................................................... 356 Arenavirus ............................................................................................................................ 356 Hantavirus ............................................................................................................................ 357
Brucellosis ................................................................................................................................. 358 Enterotoxemia due to Epsilon Toxin from Clostridium perfringens ........................................ 359 Typhoid Fever and Enteritis Associated with Salmonella enterica .......................................... 359 Shigellosis .................................................................................................................................360 Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Syndromes ....................................................................................... 361 Cholera ...................................................................................................................................... 362 Glanders .................................................................................................................................... 363 Melioidosis ................................................................................................................................ 363 Psittacosis .................................................................................................................................. 363 Q Fever ......................................................................................................................................364 Ricin Toxicosis .......................................................................................................................... 365 Staphylococcal Enterotoxicosis .................................................................................................366 Saxitoxin Toxicosis ...................................................................................................................366 Typhus Fever ............................................................................................................................. 367 Nipah Virus Infection ............................................................................................................... 367
Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 368 References ...................................................................................................................................... 368
INTRODUCTION
The idea of attacking enemies through the use of biologic agents is an ancient one and includes documented attempts to contaminate the wells and reservoirs of enemies with cadavers and animal carcasses (Eickhoff 1966), and attempts to infect Native Americans with smallpox via contaminated blankets offered as gifts (Poupard and Miller 1992). Awareness and concern over biological weapons has increased greatly as the technological sophistication required to produce these has become more global. As a result, interest has expanded greatly in (a) research to more precisely de—ne and understand agents that can be potentially used as bioweapons and (b) methods to control, prevent, and treat disease that might result from such agents. For the sake of this chapter, bioweapons are understood to represent live infectious agents or toxins derived from such agents.
