Antimicrobial–Surface Activity Relationship of Novel Di-Schiff Base Cationic Gemini Amphiphiles Bearing Homogeneous Hydrophobes

Abstract ..................................................................................................................544 20.1Introduction ..................................................................................................544 20.2Structure ....................................................................................................... 545

20.2.1Cationic Gemini Surfactants ............................................................ 545 20.2.1.1Surface Activity of Cationic Gemini Surfactants .............. 547 20.2.1.2 Solubilization ..................................................................... 551

20.2.2Anionic Gemini Surfactants ............................................................. 553 20.3Biological Activity of Gemini Amphiphiles ................................................ 555

20.3.1Antimicrobial Properties of Gemini Cationic Surfactants ............... 555 20.3.1.1Antibacterial Properties ..................................................... 555 20.3.1.2 Antifungal Properties ........................................................ 555 20.3.1.3Antiviral Properties ........................................................... 556 20.3.1.4Other Biocidal Activities ................................................... 556

20.3.2Antimicrobial Resistance ................................................................. 558 20.4Features ......................................................................................................... 559 20.5 Synthesis .......................................................................................................560