ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the main structures, configurations, and characteristics of Automatic generation control (AGC) systems in a deregulated environment. It addresses the control area concept in restructured power systems. The AGC schemes and control strategies have also mostly remained similar to before deregulation, except that some definitions are changed and services provided by participants are classified as ancillary. The chapter describes the modern AGC structures and topologies, and provides a brief description of AGC markets. It explains some concepts of the AGC market and market operator, the needs for intelligent AGC markets in the future, and an updated conventional frequency response model concerning the bilateral transactions. In many market models, such as Poolco, since the AGC ancillary service auction is operated by the market operator, the market operator is the single-buyer party to meet the reliability obligations. In the real world, different AGC frameworks/schemes are available to perform supplementary control among different countries/regions.
