ABSTRACT
Science and planning have much in common. Science is the process allowing us to link isolated facts into coherent and comprehensive understandings of the natural world. Planning is the process of developing a sequence of action steps to achieve a speciœc goal or set of goals. Besides the common ground they share as processes, there is overlap in their approach to achieving outcomes. Science attempts to predict outcomes by understanding natural processes, which requires observation, data collection, experimentation, measurement, and validation. After scientiœc inquiry has validated the outcome of a process, humans can design technology to take advantage of the properties that might beneœt our needs to provide shelter, travel, and create. For example, through the efforts of science, we know water will boil at 100°C and generate steam, which occupies a much larger volume than liquid water. Steam turbines were then designed to take advantage of this property of ¡uid expansion to generate electricity.
