ABSTRACT
The right side of Figure 13.1 represents the validation and applications at these levels, which include facility location optimization decisions, transportation optimization, and inventory management. The information ¯ow indicates that optimization takes place in a bottom-up manner given that actual or real world data has to be used as opposed to abstract scenarios, and at the base level, the real information has to ¯ ow from operations for executive management to make optimized decisions.
