ABSTRACT
The development of suitable biomaterials for replacement of different parts of the eye is challenging due to the stringent criteria that need to be fulfilled by such materials in order to maintain vision and prevent foreign body sensation on implantation. Various nanostructured materials and nanoparticles have been developed in recent years, which have the potential to improve ocular
15.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 15-1 15.2 Nanobiomaterials for Ocular Drug Delivery ............................. 15-2
15.3 Liposomes and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ..................................15-3 15.4 Niosomes ..........................................................................................15-4 15.5 Polymeric Nanoparticles ...............................................................15-4 15.6 Biopolymeric Nanoparticles .........................................................15-5 15.7 Protein Nanoparticles ....................................................................15-5 15.8 Combination Nanosystems ...........................................................15-5 15.9 Nanoparticles for Ocular Gene Delivery ....................................15-5 15.10 Nanoparticles for Ocular Delivery of Nucleic Acids .................15-6 15.11 Functional Nanoparticles for Ocular Diseases ..........................15-6 15.12 Nanobiomaterials for Ocular Implants .......................................15-6 15.13 Contact Lenses ................................................................................15-6
Anatomical Considerations for Contact Lenses 15.14 Current Materials for Contact Lenses ......................................... 15-7 15.15 Advances in Contact Lenses due to Nanotechnology ...............15-8 15.16 Corneal Adhesives and Nanoparticulate Inserts .......................15-8 15.17 Intraocular Lenses ..........................................................................15-9 15.18 Anatomical Considerations for Intraocular Lenses ..................15-9
15.19 Vitreous Substitutes...................................................................... 15-11 15.20 Anatomical Considerations for Vitreous Substitutes ............. 15-11
15.21 Miscellaneous Applications ........................................................15-12 15.22 Clinical Implications and Future Prospects ............................. 15-13 References ..................................................................................................15-13
residence times, cellular interactions, and drug delivery in the eye. This chapter describes some of these advances and is organized into two main areas, namely, nanobiomaterials for ocular drug delivery and nanobiomaterials for ocular implants.
