ABSTRACT
Nanoscale biomaterials have been intensively investigated for numerous tissue engineering technologies including targeted drug delivery, imaging agent for magnetic resonance imaging, micro¯uidics in microelectromechanical systems, and composite implants biomaterials. —e combination of nanotechnology and tissue-engineered biomaterials will likely provide insight for the development of novel hybrid materials in biological systems. Particularly, various properties of musculoskeletal tissue-engineered materials such as mechanical properties and osteoconductivity can be signi™cantly improved through the recent nanotechnology and ™nally can be utilized for tissue regenerative strategy. Due to the unique characteristics of nanosized materials, including high chemical/physical reactivity, high surface-to-volume ratio, and feasibility for conjugated materials, current conventional biomaterials can be improved into “nanobiomaterials” by nanoscale fabrication techniques. With the extremely small-length scale (approximately 100 nm), nanosized materials possess promising properties that can be developed to closely mimic tissues such as bone, cartilage, muscle, and vasculature, since these tissues themselves consist of a sophisticated complex of nanosized molecules. Moreover, the process of tissue regeneration is also related to a variety of cellular
23.1 Introduction ....................................................................................23-1 23.2 Nanobiomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering ........................23-2
23.3 Nanobiomaterials for Cartilage Tissue Engineering .............. 23-11 Nanoparticles • Nano™brous ScaŸolds
23.6 Conclusions.................................................................................... 23-18 Acknowledgments .................................................................................... 23-18 Abbreviations ............................................................................................ 23-18 References ..................................................................................................23-19
and molecular events that involve nanosized molecules. —erefore, in this chapter, we will focus on recent developments in nanobiomaterial applications for musculoskeletal tissue engineering and their advantages in tissue regeneration to overcome current limitations as well as to ensure further clinical e±cacy.
