ABSTRACT
Prior to diagnostic imaging, exploratory surgery was a method commonly used by doctors when trying to ™nd a diagnosis for a disease. —e use of new technologies such as MRI combined with innovations in chemistry have signi™cantly reduced the need for exploratory surgeries where multiple incisions may be needed, leading to longer hospital stays and recovery time. —e gain in anatomical details and sensitivity achieved in diagnostic imaging has enabled present-day physicians to identify accurately the source of a patient’s illness in a harmless and faster manner. MRI has become a very important tool for clinical diagnosis of disease, as well as in biomedical studies for the noninvasive 3D imaging of living subjects and specimens. It can distinguish between various parts of so¹ tissue water, based on diŸerences in the longitudinal relaxation time (T1), the transverse relaxation time (T2), the apparent transverse relaxation time (T2*), and the water concentration or proton density.
