ABSTRACT
Optimization is the heart of applied mathematics. Various problems encountered in the areas of engineering, sciences, management science, and economics are based on the fundamental idea of mathematical formulation. Optimization is an essential tool for the formulation of many such problems expressed in the form of minimization of a function under certain constraints like inequalities, equalities, and/or abstract constraints. It is thus rightly considered a science of selecting the best of the many possible decisions in a complex real-life environment.
