ABSTRACT
Surface texture is the repetitive or random deviation from the nominal surface that forms the 3-D topography of the surface. Surface texture includes mainly roughness and waviness. Roughness, or micro-and nanoroughness, is formed by ¤uctuations in the surface of short wavelengths and is characterized by hills (local maximum or asperities) and valleys (local minimum) of varying amplitude and spacing. Waviness, or macro-roughness, is the surface irregularity of longer wavelengths.
